PRODUCT

TEMPERATURE

VANADIUM
DEPOSITION RATE

Improved combustion – Improved heat transfer.

Fuel represents the largest expense on any boiler/furnace. Slag deposits interfere with efficient transfer of heat from the radiant section into the tubes.

It is possible to reduce fuel consumption by approx. 5% if slag build-up is a problem.

The flue gas show an increase in carbon dioxide of about 6-10%. Stack temperature is lowered by about10- 12%. There is an economy in fuel consumption to the tune of 4-7%, which recover multiples of additives cost.

When molten vanadium pentoxide deposits on the metal surfaces, it dissolves the oxide layer that all metals form to passivates their surfaces which results in corrosion.

Costs associated to this problem include tube replacement and process debits due to unscheduled downtime.

This is particularly true for plants running at full capacity (olefin plants for example).

A disruption or reduction in plant output will mean less volume for the same amount of plant overhead costs.

The necessity for frequent offline cleaning, maintenance, repair and overhauling are largely reduced, down time is reduced as a result.

Function: to heat the incoming air and reduce the amount of heat from the fuel.

As the exhaust gases pass through the air preheater, they are cooled. If SO3 is high enough sulfuric acid can condense causing corrosion. This sticky deposit traps fly ash particles which clogs the air passages and therefore effectiveness and reliability of the air preheater is affected and the need for more soot blowing can be expected.

Cost impact are: Replacement costs, additional fuel and increased electrical cost for the soot blower.

Some plants use steam to ensure that the stack temperature is above the dew point. This steam can account for 10% of the total steam production.

By reducing the dew point temperature, our customer can reduce if not eliminate the need for steam pre-heating.

Deposits on economizer tubes impede the transfer of heat (Ability to scavenge heat from the flue gas to the BFW) thus precious heat energy is lost to the atmosphere.

To prevent condensation of sulphuric acid on the economizer tubes the skin temperature is maintained high by throttling the flow of BFW. This action however results in loss of heat transfer efficiency and require more use of the steam in preheaters.

In cases where dew point condensation occurs additional cost is incurred to replace the tube bundles.

One of the largest users electricity users in the plants.

As the vanes of the fan becomes fouled with deposits of sulphuric acid and fly ash the amperage draw increases the electrical needs even more.

Sulphuric acid condensing on these components can lead to corrosion which results in high replacement cost.

Controls the fireside deposit problems associated with the use of heavy fuel:

Increasing the melting temperature of the slag forming metal through complexing the slag forming Vanadium and making the deposits dry (friable) and don’t stick to the tubes, these deposits can then be easily removed with soot blowing.

By making these deposits dry (friable) we also prevent high temperature corrosion.

These approaches reduce fuel cost for our customers through improved heat transfer, reduce maintenance costs and increase asset life.

Control of cold-end corrosion problems associated with the use of high Sodium, Sulfur and Vanadium fuels by:

Controlling the formation of SO3 which forms sulfuric acid when it condenses with the use of Magnesium to complex the vanadium catalyst and by implementing operational and mechanical adjustment to reduce excess O₂.

This will provide value to the customer thru optimized use of heat scavenging equipment such as economizers and air preheaters.

It will also reduce the cost of fuel because the customer does not have to maintain high stack temperatures or excess O₂.

On-line removal of soot or ash deposits through the use of our unique COAP^® chemistry and application protocol.

This will reduce customer’s costs because they do not have to shut-down their furnace for mechanical cleaning, and thus also improving their throughput.

This will also reduce their soot blowing operations costs because the deposits can now be easily removed.

The unburned carbon is light and will carry other residue from combustion into the atmosphere.

COAP^® technology products provide a ʻpost-combustion' catalytic effect and thereby create a reaction with unburned carbon which will be oxidized. Once the unburned carbon has been eliminated by oxidization, the remaining dust particles will have a higher density and will be too heavy to be carried by the flue gas, and accordingly will tend to fall down rather than being emitted into the atmosphere. As a result the effectiveness of electrostatic precipitators and bag-filters will be increased. Emissions will be reduced too.